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Objective:Rat osteoarthritis (OA) model with different experimental cycles was established, analysis of small molecule metabolites in urine were carried out, in order to study the OA biomarkers and/or biomarker clusters with disease and/or the severity of disease indicator function.Methods:Using random number table method, sixty male SPF sprague-dawley (SD) rats weighing 300 - 350 g were randomly divided into model group and control group according to their body weights with 30 rats in each group. The experimental cycles were 4, 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Rat OA model was established by modified Hulth method. At the end of each experiment, knee joint tissue and urine samples were collected. The knee joint histopathological slides were used to observe modeling situation under light microscope. High performance liquid chromatography quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometer [HPLC-(Q-TRAP)-MS/MS] was used to quantitatively detect the candidate substance in the urine of rats. SPSS 20.0 was used to process and analyze the measurement data. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison between groups. Python 3.0 was used to plot the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results:Histological observation showed that in model group, the joint space narrowed or disappeared, the cartilage became thinner, damaged or extensively exfoliated. The chondrocytes were degenerated, necrotic or absence. With the extension of the experimental cycles, the lesions worsened. Targeted metabolomics study found that 7 different metabolites were screened at 4 weeks, namely fumaric acid, succinic acid, oxaloacetic acid, malic acid, cis-aconite acid, α-ketoglutaric acid and sulfoalanine. Sulfoalanine was low expressed in model group and other 6 organic acids were high expressed ( P < 0.05). At 8 weeks, a total of 12 different metabolites were screened, including histidine, lysine, tyrosine, tryptophan, threonine, valine, leucine, aspartic acid, creatinine, α-ketoglutaric acid, oxaloacetic acid and malonyl carnitine, all of them were highly expressed in model group ( P < 0.05). At 12 weeks, a total of 4 different metabolites were screened, among which sulfoalanine, cysteine and sarcosine were low expressed in model group, and succinic acid was high expressed ( P < 0.05). Conclusions:Typical OA pathology changes and disease progress in the rats of model group are exhibited, the model is established successfully. The urinary small molecular metabolite profiles of OA rats with different disease progress are different, mainly organic acids and amino acids. The metabolites related to urinary tricarboxylic acid cycle and essential amino acids can be used as biomarker clusters of OA.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a worldwide common and frequently-occurring disease,with increasing age of the population,the incidence of OA is also increasing;it is the leading cause of dyskinesia in the elderly and has become a serious public health problem.OA biomarker research is an important means to further explore its etiology,pathogenesis,early diagnosis and effective treatment of OA.Therefore,the authors reviewed the research status of the latest biomarkers and suspected biomarkers of OA in recent years.
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Objective To quantitatively analyze the dynamic changes of amino acid levels in serum of osteoarthritis rats,and to provide clues for further studies on biomarkers and metabolic mechanisms of osteoarthritis.Methods Sixty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into model group and control group according to their body weight by random number table method,the experimental period was 4,8 and 12 weeks,respectively,ten rats in each group.The left knee hind joints of rats in model group were operated by the modified Hulth method.After 5 days,rats of model group were driven to move for 30 minutes a day.Rats of two groups were fed ordinary solid fodder and drank tap water.At the end of the experimental period,the knee joints were collected for pathological observation.The amino acid content in serum was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometer (HPLC/Q-TRAP-MS/MS).The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was used to determine the ability of differential amino acids to diagnose disease,AUC ＞ 0.7-0.9 was certain accuracy,＞ 0.9 was high accuracy.Results Under the light microscope,in control group,the articular cartilage surface was smooth and continuous,and the chondrocytes had good overall morphological structure and distinct layers;in model group,the articular cartilage of rats thinned,the surface was roughness and defect,the chondrocytes degenerated,necrosis and disappeared,and the lesions were aggravated with the extension of observation period.Forty kinds of amino acids were detected.Compared with control group,at 4 weeks after surgery,the level of 24 kinds of amino acids in model group decreased and 14 kinds of amino acids were increased,among which the differences in taurine,glutamine,serine,glutamic acid,aspartic acid,γ-aminobutyric acid and hydroxyproline were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);at 8 weeks after surgery,24 kinds of amino acids in model group were increased and 16 were decreased,among which the differences in histidine,serine,glutamic acid,homoarginine,lysine,isoleucine and glycine were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05);at 12 weeks after surgery,36 kinds of amino acids in model group were decreased,among which the differences in 21 kinds of amino acids were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),all of their AUC were not less than 0.740,and the AUC of 14 amino acids were not less than 0.800,and the highest was kynurenine (0.980).Conclusions The model of knee osteoarthritis in rats is established successfully.With the increased time,the progress of osteoarthritis lesions increases,and the amino acid metabolism in osteoarthritis rats is out of order.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To disclose the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics among adults in Guangdong, in order to provide scientific evidence for household tobacco control strategy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A questionnaire survey was conducted among the adults sampled by four-stage randomized cluster sampling in ten districts of five cities in Guangdong from September to November, 2010. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, smoking behaviors and smoking-related household characteristics. Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This study included 2 150 respondents, with data from 2 121 eligible questionnaires used for analysis. The current smoking rates for respondents with household characteristics including per capita household income below 1 000 Yuan, three or more smokers in the family, no ban of smoking at home and treating visitors with cigarettes were 28.7%, 56.5%, 34.2% and 43.5% , respectively, and were significantly higher than those for respondents with household characteristics at other levels (P < 0.01 for all). After controlling for factors such as gender, age, personal income, education, employment status and residential location, we found that the number of family smokers, smoking restrictions at home and treating visitors with cigarettes had significant association with current smoking behaviors (P < 0.01 for all), except for per capita household income (P = 0.567).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Household is one of the effective places in carrying out health education and tobacco control intervention. In order to reduce tobacco use, much effort should be made to create smoke-free homes, encourage smoking cessation and treat visitors with no cigarettes.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , China , Family Characteristics , Smoking , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tobacco Smoke PollutionABSTRACT
Objective To disclose the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics among adults in Guangdong,in order to provide scientific evidence for household tobacco control strategy. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the adults sampled by four-stage randomized cluster sampling in ten districts of five cities in Guangdong from September to November,2010. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics,smoking behaviors and smoking-related household characteristics. Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics. Results This study included 2 150 respondents,with data from 2 121 eligible questionnaires used for analysis. The current smoking rates for respondents with household characteristics including per capita household income below 1 000 Yuan,three or more smokers in the family,no ban of smoking at home and treating visitors with cigarettes were 28.7%,56.5%,34.2%and 43.5%,respectively,and were significantly higher than those for respondents with household characteristics at other levels(P<0.01 for all). After controlling for factors such as gender,age, personal income,education,employment status and residential location,we found that the number of family smokers,smoking restrictions at home and treating visitors with cigarettes had significant association with current smoking behaviors(P<0.01 for all),except for per capita household income (P=0.567). Conclusion Household is one of the effective places in carrying out health education and tobacco control intervention. In order to reduce tobacco use,much effort should be made to create smoke-free homes,encourage smoking cessation and treat visitors with no cigarettes.
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Objective To disclose the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics among adults in Guangdong,in order to provide scientific evidence for household tobacco control strategy. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the adults sampled by four-stage randomized cluster sampling in ten districts of five cities in Guangdong from September to November,2010. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics,smoking behaviors and smoking-related household characteristics. Chi-square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the relationship between current smoking behaviors and household characteristics. Results This study included 2 150 respondents,with data from 2 121 eligible questionnaires used for analysis. The current smoking rates for respondents with household characteristics including per capita household income below 1 000 Yuan,three or more smokers in the family,no ban of smoking at home and treating visitors with cigarettes were 28.7%,56.5%,34.2%and 43.5%,respectively,and were significantly higher than those for respondents with household characteristics at other levels(P<0.01 for all). After controlling for factors such as gender,age, personal income,education,employment status and residential location,we found that the number of family smokers,smoking restrictions at home and treating visitors with cigarettes had significant association with current smoking behaviors(P<0.01 for all),except for per capita household income (P=0.567). Conclusion Household is one of the effective places in carrying out health education and tobacco control intervention. In order to reduce tobacco use,much effort should be made to create smoke-free homes,encourage smoking cessation and treat visitors with no cigarettes.
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This paper introduced the concept of public spirit into public health emergencies from the field of public administration,and defined the content of public spirit in public health emergencies.The researchers gave a discussion on the specific performances of the four features of public spirit in public health emergencies,including public nature,bottom line,political nature and radioactive nature.The paper summarized the significance of public spirit in dealing with public health emergencies,and interpreted the connotation of public spirit of governments and citizens.